Abstract Objective: This work aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors under different low oxygen partial pressures. Methods: Strictly follow in vitro aseptic culture of bladder cancer cell line UMUC3 and when the cells grow in the logarithmic phase, culture the cells under different low oxygen partial pressures. Among these groups, two groups of cells were transfected with small interfering-hypoxia inducible factor 1α (si-HIF-1α) liposome plasmids to silencing the HIF-1α expression. Results: Cell cloning experiment showed that HIF-1α will increase cell adhesion and proliferation under hypoxia. Matrigel angiogenesis experiment showed that hypoxia has a negative impact on the angiogenesis of tumor cells. Cell scratch test indicated that hypoxia has a greater impact on the migration ability of cancer cells, and HIF-1α has a significant impact on the migration process. Cell invasion test proved that hypoxia has a greater impact on the invasion ability of cancer cells, and HIF-1α has a great impact on the invasion process. Conclusion: HIF-1α can target the regulatory gene vascular endothelial growth factor to promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, neovascularization and lymph node metastasis.

Resumen Objetivo: Por lo tanto, este trabajo investiga el mecanismo molecular de la activación de factores inducibles por hipoxia bajo diferentes presiones parciales de oxígeno bajas. Métodos: Siga estrictamente el cultivo aséptico in vitro de la línea celular de cáncer de vejiga UMUC3 y cuando las células crezcan en la fase logarítmica, cultive las células bajo diferentes presiones parciales de oxígeno bajas. Entre estos grupos, se transfectaron dos grupos de células con plásmidos de liposomas si-HIF-1α para silenciar la expresión de HIF-1α. Resultados: El experimento de clonación celular mostró que HIF-1α aumentará la adhesión y proliferación celular bajo hipoxia. El experimento de angiogénesis de Matrigel mostró que la hipoxia tiene un impacto negativo en la angiogénesis de las células tumorales. La prueba de raspado celular indicó que la hipoxia tiene un mayor impacto en la capacidad de migración de las células cancerosas, y HIF-1α tiene un impacto significativo en el proceso de migración. La prueba de invasión celular demostró que la hipoxia tiene un mayor impacto en la capacidad de invasión de las células cancerosas y HIF-1α tiene un gran impacto en el proceso de invasión. Conclusión: HIF-1α puede dirigirse al gen regulador vascular endothelial growth factor para promover la proliferación, migración, invasión, neovascularización y metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos de las células tumorales.

Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method with the assistance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Effects of PVA concentration on structure and performance of the catalyst were investigated in a fixed reactor at 230-310 °C, 1.5 MPa, 2000 h-1, and syngas H2/CO = 2.0. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 or CO temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and H2 temperature-programmed desorption (H2-TPD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that there was strong interaction between Fe and PVA, which controlled the structure of the catalyst. Among the catalysts investigated, the catalyst prepared with 15 wt.% PVA exhibited better catalytic performance due to the dispersion of iron oxides and the formation of the more active phase on the catalyst. Meanwhile, this catalyst showed the high selectivity to heavy hydrocarbons and satisfactory thermal stability.

<p>FeCu catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method with or without the assistance of the surfactant, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effect of surfactant on the structure and catalytic behavior of FeCu catalysts was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. They were tested for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) at 230-310 oC. The results showed that the catalysts prepared with PVA were more active than the catalysts prepared without any surfactant’s assistance, the catalysts prepared with PVP and the catalysts prepared with PEG. In addition, the morphologies of the iron catalysts can be controlled by different surfactants. Meanwhile, addition of surfactant remarkably influenced the growth orientation of hematite nanocrystals, resulting in preferential exposure of the (110) plane. The characterization results revealed that PVA can promote the dispersion of iron oxides and the formation of the more active phase on the catalyst.</p>

The present study was carried out on a number of 16 skulls of adult male domestic donkeys. Craniometric measurements for 40 different parts of the skulls were made. All investigated features were expressed as Mean±SD. Cephalic indices and ratios were calculated by using the investigated features. The craniometric measurements and cephalic indices had been compared with those of local horses and ponies. A skull length of 443.07±53.57 mm and a maximum zygomatic width of 169.09±17.64 mm were obtained. The size of donkey skull was between those of local horses and ponies. A skull index of 38.23±0.85, a cranial index of 45.01±2.83 and a facial index of 67.80±3.79 were obtained. Cranial index and skull index were found to be close in value to that of local horses and ponies. The results of this study revealed that donkey had a longer nose than local horse and pony, and the difference of skull length in the three species accounted for the facial length difference.

Se realizó un estudio sobre una serie de 16 cráneos pertenecientes a burros domésticos adultos, de sexo masculino. Se hicieron mediciones craneométricas en 40 partes diferentes de las muestras. Todas las características investigadas se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar, calculándose índices y proporciones cefálicas. Se compararon las mediciones craneométricas e índices cefálicos con los de caballos y ponis de la zona. La longitud del cráneo obtenida fue de 443,07±53,57 mm, con una anchura máxima del hueso cigomático de 169,09±17,64 mm. El tamaño del cráneo del burro se ubicó entre el de los caballos y los ponis locales. Se obtuvo un índice de cráneo de 38,23±0,85, un índice craneal de 45,01±2,83 y un índice facial de 67,80±3,79. Los índices craneal y de cráneo encontrados fueron cercanos a los valores correspondientes a los caballos y ponis locales. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que el burro tenía una nariz más larga que el caballo y el poni. Además, la diferencia en longitud del cráneo en las tres especies representa la diferencia de longitud facial.